Printing

• echo "my simple output"
• echo -e "interpret \b backslash \n escapes
• echo -n "output without trailing new line"

• printf "String: %s\nDecimal: %d\nHex: %x\nOctal: %o\n" Hello 100 100 100    
  String: Hello
  Decimal: 100
  Hex: 64
  Octal: 144
  

Variables

• storing: location="hello"
• accessing: "${location}"

Comparison

• if [ "$x" = "valid" ]; then
    echo "x has the value 'valid'"
  else
  echo "x does not have the value 'valid'"
  fi
  

• [ "$x" = "valid" ] && echo "x has the value 'valid'"
  
  [ "$x" = "valid" ] || { echo invalid && false }  && echo "valid"
  

• grep -i $name ~uli101/uli101/phonebook
  
  if [ "$?" != "0" ]
    then echo -n "Name '$name' not in directory "
  fi